Member: Niagara Frontier Regional Camera Clubs (NFRCC)

Revised: November 2008


The Welland Camera Club meets on the second and fourth Wednesday of each month from September to April at the Wesley United Church, First Avenue North, Welland, Ontario.  Click here to get a GOOGLE map

All meetings begin at 7:45 pm with refreshments (tea, coffee, and a snack) served after the meeting.

Members enjoy the following features:

• an excellent opportunity to improve one’s photographic technique in  both the film and digital media
• 6 monthly image competitions during the year
• live image evaluations during the year
• shows that are entertaining, informative and instructional
• opportunities to discuss photographic equipment, techniques, ideas and problems with experienced photographers
• a variety of competitions in different media for different levels of ability and experience
• arranged outings and photo workshops.

Fees per year:
    Single     -    $35.00
    Couple    -    $60.00
    Student   -    $20.00


If you are interested in finding out about our club and its activities, you are invited to attend a couple of meetings before you decide to join.

For more information, please contact:
Brenda Dennis     905 892-3646
Rodger Swinton    905 935-9654

ANNUAL COMPETITIONS  

1st Meeting in February
• Trumbowl Competition (Trumbowl Trophy)
• William Honsberger Competition. (William Honsberger Plaque)
    **These competitions are between the Welland Camera Club and the
    St. Catharines Photographic Club.
    The Welland Camera Club hosts these competitions on odd numbered years.
• The Prestwich-Welland Competition
    **This competition is between the Welland Camera Club and the
    Prestwich Co-Op Camera Club of Radcliffe, Greater Manchester in the UK.
    The Welland Camera Club hosts these competitions on odd numbered years.

1st Meeting in March
• W.C. Healey Competition (W.C. Healey Memorial Trophy)
• Essay Competitions
• Special Assignment Competition

1st Meeting in April
• Annual Nature Competition (Nature's Three Award)
• Stell Nature Competition (Stell Trophy)
• Joe Mocsan Image of the Year Competition

Niagara Frontier Regional Camera Clubs (NFRCC)
• McKellar Competitions
• Golden Horseshoe Competition

ANNUAL BANQUET IN MAY
Annual awards and trophies are distributed to those winners of competitions during the year;

Notes:

• The word “image” refers to both slide and digital images. This term may also be used in some cases to include print images.
• Gold and Diamond division members will be referred to as Senior Members.

MONTHLY IMAGE COMPETITION
(Len Trumbowl Memorial Award)

• There are six image competitions during the camera club season.
• Entries are received at the first meeting in September, October, November, January, February, and March.
• Members submit their images to the appropriate Competition Chairperson. 
• A member may submit a “total” of 4 images in any medium (print, slide, or digital), or in any combination of mediums.
• The program guide for the year lists the dates and categories These categories apply to all images submitted.
• The main function of the competition is to give the club members an opportunity to have their images scored by advanced photographers.
• Image competition scores will be used for the Len Trumbowl Memorial Award that is given to the member achieving the highest total points for their entries during the year.
• Bronze and Silver member images will be judged in house by a committee of Senior Members. Gold and Diamond (Senior) member images will be sent out for judging.

Rules:

1. New Bronze Division members may hand in their September entries with the October entries. This is the only time that this exception is made since new members may be unfamiliar with the monthly competitions.
2. The maker of the image must be a member of good standing of the Welland Camera Club.
3. All slide competition entries will be limited to 35 mm 2 x 2 slides.
4. A member may submit a total of 4 images;
   • in any medium (print, slide, or digital), or in any combination of mediums,
   • may enter no more than two entries in any one category,
   • prints can be entered with a minimum size of 8 x 10 mounted, maximum size of 16 x 20 mounted. Panoramic prints must be a minimum of 8 inches on the small side and not exceed 320 square inches in size.
   
5. However, with respect to the “Photographer's Choice” category, the following must be adhered to:
   • only one entry may be entered in this category each month,
   • except in March the designated category will be “Photographer's Choice” when four entries may be entered in this category.
6. For Slide Entries;
   • The maker's name, title of the slide, and projection spot (thumb spot) must appear on each slide. Put the projection spot in the lower left comer as the slide is viewed by hand. Then turn the slide until the projection spot is in the upper right hand corner. Print the slide title and your name as shown.
   • Fill in one entry card per slide; indicating the slide title, your name, the category and your division (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Diamond). Four entry cards are provided in each envelope for your convenience. Put the entry cards and the slides in the envelope and deposit in the “slide clinic” box.
7. For Digital Image Entries
   • Digital files may be submitted by email, on a CD, or using a jump drive by the 2nd Wednesday of each month.
   • All submitted files must be in the JPEG (.jpg) format with a maximum resolution of 1024 pixels wide by 768 pixels high. Images in a vertical orientation shall not exceed 768 pixels on the vertical side. (All images submitted exceeding these constraints will be resized before sent for judging.) For best colour the digital files should be saved in the highest JPEG quality setting using the RGBs colour space.
   • Name files using the following format. Start with the competitor’s initials (3 letters), followed by an underscore (“_”), followed by the file name.     (e.g.   abc_image.jpg)
   • Additionally, a text based file in ".txt" or ".rtf" format must be submitted with the month's entries. File names will be changed when sent for judging to keep the maker anonymous. An example of a suitable text based file is below;
   
   Competition:            Monthly Image Competition
   Photographer's Name:    John Public
   Photographer's Group:   Silver
   Month:                  January
   
   Image #1
         Category:        Fences
         Title:           Leaning Over
         File Name:       jqp_leaning_over.jpg
   Image #2
         Category:        category
         Title:           title
         File Name:       jqp_sample photograph.jpg
   Image #3
         Category:        category
         Title:           title
         File Name:       jqp_sample photograph.jpg
   Image #4
         Category:        category
         Title:           title
         File Name:       jqp_sample photograph.jpg
   
   
   
8. All the entries will be shown at the next club meeting after having been judged. Titles and points awarded will be announced. In the case of an award winning entry, the maker will receive a ribbon.
9. Slides and prints will be given back to the members at the first meeting of the following month. This will give the Competition chair people time to record the points awarded to each image. Some images may be kept for inter-club competitions.
   Digital files will NOT be returned.
   
10. Each competition is judged by an outside-the-club judge for Gold and Diamond members. The judge can award a maximum of 30 points each for a entry. Bronze and Silver member images will be judged by a committee made up from existing Senior members.
    
    
    12 points    -    POOR
    18 points    -    FAIR
    24 points    -    GOOD
    0 points    -    EXCELLENT
    
11. For a member to receive a ribbon their image must receive the following points;
    
    Bronze Division (Beginners)    -    20 points or more
    Silver Division (Intermediate)    -    22 points or more
    Gold Division (Advanced)    -    24 points or more
    Diamond Division (Expert)    -    26 points or more
    
    
    NOTE: Since judging is tempered by the category in which the image is entered, it is to a member's advantage to put the image in the category most suitable for it.
    
12. All of the categories selected for the coming year are self explanatory except "Nature". (“Nature” entries must meet the requirements under the section “WHAT CONSTITUTES A NATURE ENTRY?”)
    The category “Nature - General” is an exception where zoology and botany images cannot be used.
13. Images taken at a club workshop where someone else has created the setup, lighting, etc. may not be entered into club competitions. Additionally, if an image is manipulated in the darkroom or digitally by an individual other than the person making the submission, that image may not be entered into club competitions.
14. Judging images is a subjective process and not all entries receive recognition. If the maker feels the judges erred in not giving a score sufficient to qualify for recognition, the member may reenter the image in a subsequent monthly competition.
15. An entry that has earned recognition (received a ribbon) in a monthly competition may not be reentered in subsequent monthly competition. It can, however, be used in any other competition. (It is requested that a “near duplicate” of a highly scored image not be entered again in a monthly competition.)
16. It is wise for members to develop a system of record keeping to know what entries have been entered into club competitions and how they scored.
    In our club competitions, a winning entry may NOT be reentered in the same competition at a later date.
    In our competitions with other clubs, an image may NOT be reentered.

NOTE: Up-to-date records will avoid an embarrassing situation. Please refer to specific club competitions in this booklet.


Rules for Moving Up to the Next Division

1. From the Bronze Division to the Silver Division:
   A Bronze Division member may move up to the Silver Division upon receiving six - twenty-two (22) point awards in the Monthly Image Competition during any club year.
2. From the Silver Division to the Gold Division:
   A Silver Division member may move up to the Gold Division upon receiving eight - twenty-four (24) point awards in the Monthly Image Competition during any club year.
3. From the Gold Division to the Diamond Division:
   A Gold Division member may move up to the Diamond Division upon receiving ten - twenty-six (26) point awards in the Monthly Image Competition during any club year.

NOTE: Your combined awards from print, slide and digital images are used to accumulate the required awards to move up to the next division.

NOTE: Upon qualifying to move to a higher division, a member may elect to remain in their present division. However, upon again qualifying in any subsequent year, they must move up to the next division.

If a member moves up to the next division and is not successful in the higher division, they may elect to return to the previous division at the completion of one year in the higher division. Beyond one year in the higher division, a member cannot elect to return to a lower division.


THE WILLIAM HONSBERGER COMPETITION
(Wm. Honsberger Plaque)

This digital competition will be held annually on the same date as the Trumbowl competition. The two competitions are hosted in February on alternate years by the Welland Camera Club and the St. Catharines Photographic Club. The Welland Camera Club is the host on odd numbered years.

The competition is open to any member in good standing in either the St. Catharines
Photographic Club or the Welland Camera Club.

Images are judged with a maximum score of 30. The highest score wins. In the event
of a tie the judges will choose a winning image.

Awards:
The winner will receive the William Honsberger Plaque, which is retained for one
year.

Second and third place winners will be announced as Honourable Mentions.

The subject matter is landscapes and/or seascapes.

Seascape:
An image of a body of water either salt or fresh, such as an ocean, sea, lake or any deep,
broad river. The water should be the predominant feature of the image and the rest of the
image land and/or sky.

Landscape:
A image showing a land scene that is the predominant feature of the image and the rest of the image being water and/or sky.

Rules:

1. While the subject matter is NATURE, the hand of man (e.g. man or any man-made object such as a fence, boat, house, road, pet, cultivated flowers, etc.) may be included as long as these do not occupy more than ten per cent of the image area and are not a significant element of the composition.
   (William Honsberger requested this minor change in the definition.)
2. A close-up of a subject is not eligible.
3. The digital image must be shown as it was taken.
   
   a) You are permitted to crop the image, adjust the colour saturation, and adjust the exposure for best viewing.
   b) You are not permitted to clone any part of the image, use layers, or any other manipulation techniques other than those mentioned above.
   c) When taking the original image only a polarizer filter is permitted.
4. Each entrant may submit a maximum of 2 digital images. 

Image files must be in the JPEG format, preferably in the sRGB colour space.
Image files cannot exceed 1024 pixels in width and 768 pixels in height.
Those submitting slides must have them digitized prior to the competition and enter them as a digital JPEG file.

Images are to be submitted to the Digital chairperson at least one week prior to the competition date.

Digital files are to named as follows; w_ho_abc_title.jpg
Where;  “abc” represents the the three initials of the maker and “title” is a distinguishing name for the image


THE TRUMBOWL COMPETITION
(The Trumbowl Trophy)

This digital competition will be held annually on the same date as the Honsberger competition. Only Bronze and Silver member images are permitted. The two competitions are hosted in February on alternate years by the Welland Camera Club and the St. Catharines Photographic Club.
The Welland Camera Club is the host on odd numbered years. The host club will establish the competition date each year.
(Len Trumble established the competition. He also donated the trophy.)

Rules:

1. St. Catharines and Welland clubs will jointly decide the number of entrants before December.
2. Each club will submit 20 images with a maximum of 2 images from any one individual.
3. A club committee will select the images to be used.
4. Image files must be in the JPEG format, preferably in the sRGB colour space.
5. Image files cannot exceed 1024 pixels in width and 768 pixels in height
6. The subject matter is wide open.
7. The maker can use any techniques to improve the image.
8. The club with the highest total points wins the “Trumbowl Trophy”.
9. The winning club retains the trophy for one year.

The Digital chairperson shall rename the digital files and produce a list of maker's names with file names before the competition. The files will be renamed as follows;


THE PRESTWICH-WELLAND COMPETITION

The Prestwich Co-Op Camera Club is from Radcliffe, Greater Manchester in the UK. This digital competition will be held annually. The competition will be hosted in February on alternate years by the Welland Camera Club and the Prestwich Co-Op Camera Club. The Welland Camera Club is the host on odd numbered years. The host club will establish the competition date each year.

Rules:

1. Each club will submit 15 images with a maximum of 4 members submitting 2 images and the remaining images will be 1 image per individual.
2. A club committee will select the images to be used.
3. Image files must be in the JPEG format, preferably in the sRGB colour space.
4. Image files cannot exceed 1024 pixels in width and 768 pixels in height
5. The subject matter is wide open.
6. The maker can use any techniques to improve the image provided the original image was photographed by the maker. No part of the image may be from other images not taken by the maker.
7. The club with the highest total points wins the competition.

The Digital chairperson for each club shall rename the digital files and produce a list of maker's names with file names before the competition. The files will be renamed as follows;

• The Welland club will use two digit odd numbers followed by the character “w”.
            (01w to 29w)
  
• The Prestwich club will use two digit even numbers followed by the character “p”.
            (02p to 30p)
• Followed by the three character initials of the maker followed by an underscore character (_), and the image title.
       (i.e:   01w_jrs_title.jpg )

W. C. HEALEY MEMORIAL AWARD COMPETITION
(Donated by neighbours of W. C. Healey)

Rules:

1. Annual competition - preferably first meeting in March.
2. Divisions (Bronze, Silver, Gold and Diamond) will not be recognized.
3. Any image (slide or digital) may be used provided:
       a. it fits the categories.
       b. it has not previously been used in this competition.
4. Each entrant will enter four (4) images, one in each of the following categories:
   a. People
   b. Land or Seascape *
   c. Nature
   d. Creative
   
   NOTE: The category ‘Land or Seascape’ is not limited to the definition of a Nature Landscape or Seascape.    
           (e.g. A city skyline is acceptable).
   
   
5. Four entries for each entrant will be judged and the score for each entrant totaled.
6. The entrant with the highest total score will be the winner.
7. In case of a tie, the judges will view the entries that are tied and select a winner.
8. The Welland Camera Club executive may award special event ribbons to the runners-up as they deem necessary or essential to the interest of the competition.

The winner shall retain the W. C. Healey Memorial Award for one year.

Each year the winner's name, inscribed on the uniform plates, shall be affixed to the base of the Award.

The rules are simple and basic. The categories are broad in scope and are not to be made complex or confining at the request of the donors of this award.


ANNUAL PHOTO ESSAY COMPETITION

The Annual Photo Essay competition will be held in March on a date set by the Program Committee.

A Photo Essay is a image story which tells an integrated story about a subject accompanied by words and/or music and presented in a pleasing and understandable manner .

RULES for Individual and Team Essays:

1. This competition is open to slide and digital essays.
2. A maximum of thirty (30) images per image essay, including title images.
3. Any image not previously entered in a photo essay may be used.
4. Team Essay:
   a) Two (2) member team - not more than 60% of the images may be by one team member.
   b) Three (3) member team - not more than 40% of the images may be by one team member.
5. The total score will determine the first, second and third places.
6. Scoring:

SPECIAL ASSIGNMENT IMAGE COMPETITION

This competition is held in March.

Rules:

1. The subject will be selected by the Club executive for the next year and announced to the members at the Special Assignment competition, or soon after.
2. Each entrant may submit four (4) images depicting the subject for the year.
3. All images used must have been taken in the preceding twelve (12) months.
     (i.e. from the date of the previous year's Special Assignment Competition).
4. Two winning images will be selected as follows:
   a) The Top Special Assignment Image.
   b) Most Original Treatment of the special assignment topic.

Awards are given for;
    Top image.
    Most Original image.


JOE MOCSAN IMAGE OF THE YEAR COMPETITION

The competition will be held annually during the first meeting in April. The Image of the Year will be judged in three divisions: Bronze, Silver and Gold.

Rules:

1. All images must have been entered in a competition during the current Camera Club season. This may be the regular Monthly Image Competition, NFRCC competitions, scheduled Welland Camera Club competitions, or other inter-Club competitions. Images MUST NOT be modified from the original entry.
2. Each member may submit a maximum of four (4) images.
3. Images in the “Annual Nature Competition” and the "Stell Nature Competition" are eligible for this competition.
4. Images taken at Club workshops where the photographer did not do the setup are NOT eligible.
5. The top image will be selected in each division.
6. From the three (3) top images (Bronze, Silver and Senior) is chosen the 
   "Image of the Year"

Awards:



ANNUAL NATURE IMAGE COMPETITION
(Nature's Three Cup)

The Nature's Three Cup was donated by three avid nature photographers who were former members of our Club. They are Jack Davis, Alf Malcomson and Len Tumble. This competition will be held annually in April.

Rules:

1. 1.Images must meet the requirements under the section “WHAT CONSTITUTES A NATURE ENTRY?”
2. 2.Each competitor of good standing may submit four images with no more than two images entered in any one category (Zoology, Botany, General).
3. 3.No image that has been a previous winner in any category in the Annual Nature Competition is eligible for entry in this competition again.
4. 4.Images entered in this competition need not have been entered in any competition during the current club year.
5. 5.Categories:
   a) Zoology - Insects, birds, animals (no domestic animals).
   b) Botany - Flowers, trees, fungi, etc. (no garden flowers).
   c) General - Landscapes, seascapes, astronomy, sunsets, sunrises, geology, ecology, etc.
   

Judging:
Judging will be done within each of the three categories. Only first place in each category will be selected.
From these three top images (one from each category), one image will be chosen top Nature Image of the Year.

Awards:
Top Image: The Nature's Three Cup - which is retained for the following year.
Note:  A plaque is presented each year to the previous year's winner.
Top Image in the Remaining Two Categories receive a plaque



THE STELL NATURE COMPETITION
(Stell Trophy)

This competition will be held annually in April for the Bronze and Silver Division workers of the Welland Camera Club. The trophy was donated by Dr. Bernard and Mrs. Irene Stell, formerly of Buffalo, and was designed and made by Dr. Stell.

RULES:

1. 1.Four images must be submitted: one in each of the following categories:
   
   Botany
   Landscape
   Seascape
   Zoology
2. Digital images must be submitted at least one week prior to the competition to allow for competition preparation. Slide images can be submitted the night of the competition. The competition will be held on the same evening as the Annual Nature Image Competition (Nature's Three Trophy) so that the same three judges can be utilized.
3. The “WHAT CONSTITUTES A NATURE ENTRY?” rules on nature photography will be followed. There is an exception in Zoology: Sea mammals, fish and other water life may be photographed in captivity, providing that the Hand of Man or his work is minimal and unobtrusive (no more than 10% of the image).
4. In the case of a tie score, the winner will be selected by re-judging the tied entries.
5. The award presentation will be made at the annual banquet of the Welland Camera Club.
6. The Trophy will be retained by the winner from the time of the annual banquet to the time of the judging of the next year's competition. This will give the Club time to have a new plate engraved with the new recipient's name and the year.
7. Encouragement: Any member competing for the Stell Nature Trophy should also submit different images for the Annual Nature Image Competition (Nature's Three Trophy). For each such Image submitted, one point is earned toward the final score for the four images entered in the Stell Nature Competition.

THE LEN TRUMBLE MEMORIAL AWARD

This award has been donated to the Welland Camera Club in memory of Len Tumble by Al Howey Jewelers of Fonthill, Ontario.

The award will be presented annually at the Annual Banquet of the Welland Camera Club to the member achieving the highest total points for their image entries into the
“Monthly Image Competition” during the year. All points will be totaled for images entered, not just for those that received recognition. The competition Chairpersons will determine the winner from image entry records


THE JANICE HEALEY NATURE PRINT AWARD
(Donated by Janice Healey)

Rules:

1. Open to all groups – Bronze, Silver, and Senior. A maximum of 4 prints may be entered. The print can be in colour or monochromatic.
2. Minimum size 8 x 10, maximum size 16 x 20, mounted but not framed.
3. The criteria will be the same for a nature print as a nature image. Refer to the “WHAT CONSTITUTES A NATURE ENTRY?” section in this handbook.

Awards:
First Prize will be a trophy and ribbon.
There will be Honourable Mention ribbon for second place.

Hand in prints at the first meeting in April. Winners will be announced at the Annual Banquet.


THE DIANNE PAYTON MAJUMDAR ANNUAL PRINT AWARD
The trophy was donated by Chitta Majumdar in memory of his wife Dianne.

Rules:

1. Open to all groups - Bronze, Silver, and Senior.
2. Minimum size 8 x 10, maximum size 16 x 20, mounted but not framed.
3. Four colour prints may be entered.

Awards:
The winner will receive the Dianne Payton Majumdar trophy, which is retained for the following year.
Honourable Mention ribbons are given at the judge’s discretion.

Hand in prints at the first meeting in April. Winners will be announced at the Annual Banquet.


MONOCHROME PRINT OF THE YEAR AWARD

Rules:

1. Open to all groups - Bronze, Silver, and Senior.
2. Minimum size 8 x 10, maximum size 16 x 20, mounted but not framed.
3. Four monochrome prints may be entered.

Awards:
The winner will receive the a rosette ribbon.
Honourable Mention ribbons are given at the judge’s discretion.

Hand in prints at the first meeting in April. Winners will be announced at the Annual Banquet.


WHAT CONSTITUTES A NATURE ENTRY?

Everything in the world that is UNCHANGED BY MAN is nature. The subject matter of a Nature image should be restricted to some phase of natural history. Therefore, any form of animal, or plant life, or objects in the field of Geology, Meteorology, Astronomy, or Archeology are eligible. The image should not contain any humans or man-made objects unless of archaeological significance, or the natural habitat of the species and should then be limited to the minimum which is necessary for good composition and placement of the subject.  (e.g. Part of a Barn Owl's natural habitat is, of course, a barn. Thus a Barn Owl shown nesting, perched, etc. in a barn is acceptable).

Nature subjects fit into one of the following categories:

NOTE: An exception to this category placement deals with "macro-photography" where an extreme close-up of a section of any flower (e.g. pistol, stamens, etc.) is acceptable as a subject in this category. This same “macro-photography” exception is applicable to domestic animals.

Landscape:
An image showing a land scene, which is the predominant feature of, the image and the rest of the image being water and/or sky.

Seascape:
An image of a body of water either salt or fresh, such as an ocean sea lake or any deep, broad river The water being the predominant feature of the image and the rest of the image being land and/or sky.


INELIGIBLE:
The following are NOT eligible nature subjects; domestic animals, pets, mounted specimens, cultivated plants (flower gardens), floral arrangements, or any image in which humans and man-made objects appear, unless of archaeological significance, or the natural habitat of the species.

NOTE: Images with obvious colour manipulation are not acceptable.


DIGITAL TREATMENT:
A photographer may perform minor digital enhancements, which improve the presentation of the image that could have been done at the time the image was taken, as well as those that are part of normal darkroom procedure, provided that it does not change the truth of the original nature story.

Increasing saturation (similar to polarizing), cropping, dodging, burning, adjusting levels, sharpening, or adjusting digital noise, flipping (the equivalent to reversing a slide) are acceptable practices.

Not permitted is digital manipulation such as adding, removing, rearranging, cloning parts of the image or changing the image from how it appeared in nature by changing colour, texture, or contrast. Any manipulation or modification to the original image is limited to “minor” retouching of blemishes and must not alter the content of the original scene.


JUDGING

For the Bronze and Silver divisions a single member of the executive would be responsible for collecting images, arranging a judging night, and managing the database for the year.

For the Senior (Gold and Diamond) division, a single member of the executive would be responsible for arranging judges capable of viewing and judging all three formats (slides, prints, and digital images).

To improve scoring consistency all judges (internal and external) would be given a copy of the WCC Judging Guideline to help guide them to give a proper score.


WCC Judging Guideline for Images Sent to External Judges

To improve consistency in the scoring of the images presented during competitions, The Welland Camera Club asks that you follow this simple guideline when issuing a score.

We all like some topics more than others, but please do not allow this to be a major decision in selecting a score. Please score each images out of 15 based on the following guideline.

Images entered in a category must in some way fit that category. Those images that DO NOT meet the category need to be be penalized at least 2 points from what would have been its score.

Score Guidelines
Judges found not to be following these guidelines will be removed from the list of acceptable judges for the future.


WCC Judging Guideline for In House and Annual Competitions

To improve consistency in the scoring of the images presented during competitions, The Welland Camera Club asks that you follow this simple guideline when issuing a score.

We all like some topics more than others, but please do not allow this to be a major decision in selecting a score. Please score each images out of 10 based on the following guideline.

NOTE: For "Monthly Image Competition" using three judges the score would be out of 30

NOTE: Images entered in a category must in some way fit that category. Those images that DO NOT meet the category need to be be penalized at least 2 points from what would have been its score.

Score Guidelines